Your village consists of several buildings which all fulfill different functions. Here is a brief overview:

Chief house

Main building - Exchange of resources for silver 

Training area

Recruitment of units 

Tavern

Missions for obtaining resources and artefacts

Magic grove

Runes for researching new units and recruitment of druids

Palisade

Defensive wall to strengthen the defenses of the village

Marketplace

Trading of wood, clay, ore; exchange of resources for bronze

Farm

Gain additional subjects 

Woodcutter’s lodge

Production of wood

Wood store

Storage capacity of wood

Clay pit 

Production of clay

Clay store

Storage capacity of clay

Ore mine

Production of ore

Ore store

Storage capacity of ore

The functionality of the fortress buildings are identical. More detailed information can be found in the category: Fortress